Which of the following is NOT considered a data quality issue?

Effective visualization is not considered a data quality issue because it pertains to the way data is presented rather than the inherent characteristics of the data itself. Data quality issues involve aspects that directly affect the accuracy and reliability of the data, such as duplicates, noise, and missing values.

Duplicates occur when the same piece of data is recorded multiple times, skewing analyses and insights derived from the data. Noise refers to irrelevant or random errors in the data that can distort results, compromising the clarity and usability of the findings. Missing values occur when data entries are incomplete, which can lead to biased outcomes or insufficient data for analysis.

In contrast, effective visualization helps communicate data findings more clearly and can aid in revealing patterns and insights; however, it does not rectify or relate to the quality of the data itself. Instead, it is a tool used to enhance the understanding of data quality, rather than a quality issue in and of itself.