What type of machine learning involves using layered neural networks to learn complex patterns?

Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that specifically utilizes layered neural networks, known as deep neural networks, to analyze and learn from complex patterns in large datasets. These networks consist of multiple layers of neurons, where each layer transforms the input data through various mathematical operations. As data passes through these layers, the network learns increasingly abstract representations, allowing it to identify intricate relationships and features that might not be apparent with simpler models.

Deep learning is particularly effective in tasks such as image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition, where the complexity of the data requires models capable of capturing high-dimensional patterns. The depth of the network enables it to approximate functions with greater accuracy compared to traditional machine learning methods, making it a powerful tool for many applications.

While reinforcement learning focuses on decision-making through trial and error, and supervised and unsupervised learning involve working with labeled or unlabeled data respectively, deep learning stands out for its ability to handle vast amounts of data and learn from it through its multi-layered architecture. This characteristic makes it the ideal choice when discussing the use of layered neural networks to understand complex patterns.