What type of graph shows intensity or correlations using color patterns?

A heatmap is specifically designed to visually represent data where the intensity or correlation between variables is conveyed through color patterns. In a heatmap, different colors or shades represent varying levels of intensity, allowing viewers to easily identify hotspots, correlations, or variations within the data at a glance. This type of visualization is particularly useful in fields such as statistics, biology, and social sciences, where large datasets need to be interpreted quickly.

For instance, in a correlation heatmap, the strength of the correlation between different pairs of variables can be illustrated, helping analysts to see which features are most closely related. The gradation of color indicates different ranges of values, offering a clear and immediate understanding of complex relationships.

In contrast, the other types of graphs serve different purposes: a box plot summarizes data distribution and statistics, a histogram shows frequency distributions of data points, and a pie chart represents parts of a whole. None of these options utilize color patterns to represent intensity or correlation in the same way a heatmap does, making it the ideal choice for this question.