What is a random variable?

A random variable is defined as a variable whose value is subject to the outcomes of random phenomena. This means that the value of a random variable can change each time the random process is performed, making it inherently uncertain. For example, if you roll a die, the result (1 through 6) is a random variable because each outcome is unpredictable and depends on the specific instance of the die roll.

In the context of probability and statistics, random variables are classified into two main types: discrete and continuous. Discrete random variables can take on a finite number of values (such as rolling a die), while continuous random variables can assume an infinite number of values within a given range (such as measuring the exact height of individuals).

Understanding that a random variable reflects variability due to chance helps in grasping concepts such as expected value and probability distributions, both of which are fundamental in statistical analysis and decision-making processes in data science.

The other responses do not capture the essence of a random variable. For instance, a constant value does not change and thus cannot be a random variable, while a variable with a fixed range suggests limitations that contradict the concept of randomness inherent in random variables. Lastly, a predicted outcome is a deterministic conclusion reached through analysis rather than an inherently